Learn how to give advices in Czech
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| Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 2 - Take Care of Your Health in the Czech Republic |
| INTRODUCTION |
| Michael: Hi everyone, and welcome back to CzechClass101.com This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 2 - Take Care of Your Health in the Czech Republic. Michael, here. |
| Veronika: Ahoj I'm Veronika. |
| Michael: In this lesson, you'll learn about giving advice. The conversation takes place on the street. |
| Veronika: It's between Jozefina Jerabkova and Jack Jones. |
| Michael: The speakers are friends, therefore, they will speak informal Czech. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Měl bys přestat pít tolik kávy. Víš, že kofein není moc zdravý! |
| Jack Jones: Několikrát jsem zkoušel s pitím kávy přestat, ale je to těžký. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: To jsou výmluvy! Měl jsi přestat už dávno, ale nikdy není pozdě. |
| Jack Jones: Když já nevím, jak přestat. Máš nějaký nápad? |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Jasně, znám pár jednoduchých triků. |
| Jack Jones: Například? |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Začni místo normální kávy pít tu bezkofejnovou. Nebo pij čaj! |
| Jack Jones: Hmm, to si budu muset začít kupovat čaj. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Ale přestaneš utrácet za kávu a taky čaj je levnější. Ušetříš peníze a tvoje zdraví ti poděkuje. |
| Jack Jones: [ironically] Já ti pěkně děkuju za skvělej tip! |
| Michael: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Měl bys přestat pít tolik kávy. Víš, že kofein není moc zdravý! |
| Jack Jones: Několikrát jsem zkoušel s pitím kávy přestat, ale je to těžký. |
| Michael: You should stop drinking so much coffee. You know that caffeine is not that healthy! |
| Jack Jones: Několikrát jsem zkoušel s pitím kávy přestat, ale je to těžký. |
| Michael: Several times I tried to quit drinking coffee, but it's hard. |
| JOZEFÍNA JEŘÁBKOVÁ: To jsou výmluvy! Měl jsi přestat už dávno, ale nikdy není pozdě. |
| Michel: These are excuses! You should have quit a long time ago, but it's never too late. |
| Jack Jones: Když já nevím, jak přestat. Máš nějaký nápad? |
| Michael: I don't know how to quit. Do you have any idea? |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Jasně, znám pár jednoduchých triků. |
| Michael: Sure, I know a few simple tricks. |
| Jack Jones: Například? |
| Michael: For example? |
| Jozefina Jerabkova: Začni místo normální kávy pít tu bezkofejnovou. Nebo pij čaj! |
| Michael: Start drinking decaf instead of normal coffee. Or drink tea! |
| Jack Jones: Hmm, to si budu muset začít kupovat čaj. |
| Michael: Hmm, I will have to start buying tea. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Ale přestaneš utrácet za kávu a taky čaj je levnější. Ušetříš peníze a tvoje zdraví ti poděkuje. |
| Michael: But you will stop spending on coffee and, also, tea is cheaper. You will save money and your health will thank you. |
| Jack Jones: [ironically] Já ti pěkně děkuju za skvělej tip! |
| Michael: [ironically] I do thank you very much for the great tip! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Michael: What is the most popular hot beverage in the Czech Republic? |
| Veronika: I think it is bílá káva, which means "white coffee." |
| Michael: This is coffee with a lot of milk and is drunk by most Czech people at breakfast. Of course, Czechs also take their coffee black. |
| Veronika: We call this turek. This is short for turecká káva. |
| Michael: This means "Turkish coffee." It's black coffee with coffee grounds at the bottom of the cup. Those who don't fancy coffee take black or green tea instead. Other than tea or coffee, what other beverages are popular? |
| Veronika: Svařené víno, or Svařák for short, is popular. |
| Michael: This is "mulled wine" and it is enjoyed during the winter season and Christmas time to warm up. It's the most typical Czech winter drink that you can buy at a Christmas market. It is made of hot red wine, fresh orange or lemon juice, sugar, lemon slices, cinnamon and cloves. |
| Veronika: Another popular drink is Medovina. |
| Michael: This is "mead." It's a honey-based alcoholic drink that is often taken hot. |
| Veronika: When hot, it's called teplá medovina. |
| Michael: "hot mead." |
| Veronika: Grog is also popular. |
| Michael: "Grog" is a mixt of rum, hot water, sugar, and a slice of lemon. You'll find this in most Czech restaurants and cafes. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Michael: Let's take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Veronika: kofein [natural native speed] |
| Michael: caffeine |
| Veronika: kofein[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: kofein [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: zdravý [natural native speed] |
| Michael: healthy |
| Veronika: zdravý[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: zdravý [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: výmluva [natural native speed] |
| Michael: excuse |
| Veronika: výmluva[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: výmluva [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: začít [natural native speed] |
| Michael: start, to start |
| Veronika: začít[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: začít [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: přestat [natural native speed] |
| Michael: to stop, to quit |
| Veronika: přestat[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: přestat [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: bezkofejnový [natural native speed] |
| Michael: decaffeinated |
| Veronika: bezkofejnový[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: bezkofejnový [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: čaj [natural native speed] |
| Michael: tea |
| Veronika: čaj[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: čaj [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: utrácet za [natural native speed] |
| Michael: to spend on |
| Veronika: utrácet za[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: utrácet za [natural native speed] |
| Michael: And lastly.. |
| Veronika: ušetřit [natural native speed] |
| Michael: to save |
| Veronika: ušetřit[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: ušetřit [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Michael: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Veronika: utrácet peníze za kávu |
| Michael: meaning "to spend money / to waste money on coffee" |
| Michael: The verb |
| Veronika: utrácet |
| Michael: means to waste money on something unnecessary. It has a negative connotation. It's often used to criticize someone for buying things that they don't need or are very expensive. |
| Veronika: utrácet is only used when talking about money. |
| Michael: If someone is wasting their time or energy, we use a different verb for this. |
| Veronika: marnit. For example: Nemarni svůj čas a raději studuj! |
| Michael: "Don't waste your time and study instead!" Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Veronika: Sure. For example, you can say.. Už nepiju kofein, a tak jsem přestal utrácet peníze za kávu. |
| Michael: ..which means "I don't drink caffeine anymore, so I stopped spending money on coffee." |
| Michael: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Veronika: ušetřit peníze za kávu |
| Michael: meaning "to save money on coffee" |
| Michael: This phrase is formed using the perfective verb |
| Veronika: ušetřit |
| Michael: This means "to save up." The imperfect form of this verb is |
| Veronika: šetřit. We also use the preposition za. |
| Michael: This means "for." We use this phrase to explain having extra money because we didn't buy something. We can use this verb with nouns other than money. For example, we can say "to save time." |
| Veronika: ušetřit čas |
| Michael: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Veronika: Sure. For example, you can say.. Koupil jsem si domácí kávovar a teď ušetřím hodně peněz za kávu. |
| Michael: .. which means "I bought a home coffee maker and now I will save a lot of money on coffee." |
| Michael: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Michael: In this lesson, you'll learn about giving advice. |
| Michael: Let's begin by looking at modal verbs that can be used to give advice or to suggest something in a polite way. If we want to suggest something for the present, we can say: |
| Veronika: Měl bys |
| Michael: meaning "you should." And for the past, we can say: |
| Veronika: Měl jsi |
| Michael: "you should have." To make sentences in the present, first we need the modal verb |
| Veronika: mít |
| Michael: meaning "to have" in the conditional form. Next is the auxiliary verb |
| Veronika: bych |
| Michael: and finally is a verb in the infinitive. The lesson notes have a conjugation table for this. Let's hear an example sentence. |
| Veronika: Měl bys přestat jíst sladkosti. |
| Michael: "You should stop eating sweets." The word order of the sentence is important; if the subject is not expressed, the order changes. |
| Veronika: The modal verb mit should be before bych. |
| Michael: Let's compare a couple of sentences. First is a sentence that includes the subject. |
| Veronika: Já bych měl přestat kouřit. |
| Michael: "I should stop smoking." The next sentence means the same, but doesn't have the subject. |
| Veronika: Měl bych přestat kouřit. |
| Michael: Did you notice the difference? To make a sentence in past tense, we again start with the same modal verb in the conditional, we then follow this with the past participle of |
| Veronika: být |
| Michael: followed by the verb in the infinitive. Again, there is a conjugation table for this in the lesson notes. Let's hear an example sentence. |
| Veronika: Měli jste jít s námi. |
| Michael: "You should have gone with us." As before, the word order changes if the subject isn't expressed. Let's compare a pair of sentences that both mean "I should have called my grandma." First, an example with the subject. |
| Veronika: Já jsem měl zavolat babičce. |
| Michael: Now without the subject. |
| Veronika: Měl jsem zavolat babičce. |
| Michael: Next, we will look at aspectual verbs. In English, we can use the verbs "to start, to stop" and "to finish" to cover several actions. However, in Czech we use different verbs to cover different aspects. The perfective aspect indicates actions or a set of actions that have been finished completely. In Czech, this is shown by the verbs: |
| Veronika: začít, přestat, skončit |
| Michael: "to start, to stop, to finish," respectively. The imperfective aspect indicates incomplete, ongoing, habitual, reversed or repeated actions without a reference to their completion. This is shown by the verbs: |
| Veronika: začínat, přestávat, končit |
| Michael: "to start, to stop, to finish," respectively. Let's look at "to start" in more detail. The perfective verb expresses a one-time action and is then followed by another verb in the infinitive form or by a noun. It can't be used to express the future tense with the future form of the verb |
| Veronika: být, meaning "to be" or budu meaning "will." For example: Představení začne v 6 hodin. |
| Michael: "The spectacle will start at 6 o'clock." In this case, the spectacle will only happen once and not repeat again, so we use the perfective verb: |
| Veronika: začít. Here is an imperfective verb example: Představení bude začínat v 6 hodin. |
| Michael: "The spectacle will be starting at 6 o'clock." In this case, the spectacle will repeat regularly so the imperfect verb is used. |
| Veronika: začínat. |
| Michael: Next is "to stop." The perfective verb, |
| Veronika: přestat |
| Michael: expresses a one-time action and is followed by another verb in the infinitive. Again, it can't be used to express the future tense with the future form of "to be." Let's hear an example: |
| Veronika: Přestalo pršet. |
| Michael: "It stopped raining." The perfective form is used because the rain has stopped completely. The perfective verb |
| Veronika: přestávat |
| Michael: expresses an ongoing action and is followed by another verb in the infinitive. For example: |
| Veronika: Přestává pršet. |
| Michael: "It stops raining." The rain hasn't stopped completely, but is about to stop. Finally, we will look at "to finish." The perfective verb, |
| Veronika: skončit |
| Michael: expresses a one-time action and can not be followed by an infinitive. It cannot be used to express the future tense with the future form of the verb "to be." For example: |
| Veronika: Až skončím v práci, půjdu nakoupit. |
| Michael: "When I finish at work, I will do the shopping." The imperfect verb, |
| Veronika: končit |
| Michael: expresses an ongoing action and also can not be followed by an infinitive. For example, |
| Veronika: Akorát končím v práci a chystám se jít domů. |
| Michael: "I'm just finishing work and getting ready to go home." There are also some semantic differences between some of these verbs. The following verbs, express the activity as definitively closed. |
| Veronika: končit, skončit |
| Michael: However, the following verbs express that the activity is temporarily interrupted and that there is no certainty that it's forever. |
| Veronika: přestávat, přestat |
| Michael: The last thing we'll look at in this lesson is the verb "to know." In Czech, this is expressed as two different verbs. The first is |
| Veronika: znát |
| Michael: This is always followed by an object, such as a noun or pronoun. There is a conjugation table in the lesson notes. Let's hear a sentence example: |
| Veronika: Lenka zná Adama. |
| Michael: "Lenka knows Adam." The second verb is: |
| Veronika: vědět |
| Michael: This is followed by a comma and another clause that begins with words such as: |
| Veronika: že, kdy, kde, jestli, kdo, jak |
| Michael: "that, when, where, if, who, how," respectively. Again, there is a conjugation table in the lesson notes.Let's finish this lesson, with one last example. |
| Veronika: Lenka ví, že Adam není doma. |
| Michael: "Lenka knows that Adam is not home." |
Outro |
| Michael: Okay, that's all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we'll see you next time! Bye! |
| Veronika: Na shledanou |
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